Each television production requires its own style of lighting to be in sync with the story.
Television shows have a great range of variety. Whether it be a sit-com, drama, newscast, or even an infomercial they all share a common trait-the need for a specific style of lighting. There are many different lighting techniques used in the world of television production that can have a direct impact on the way an audience perceives what they are watching on their television screen.
3-Point Lighting
This is the most common lighting setup in television. Three-point lighting is comprised of a back light, a key light, and a fill light. The main source of light is the key light. This light is typically positioned to the front right or left of the subject and helps define the shape of the subject. The key light is always pointed toward the subject. The back light is similar to the key light but is placed behind the subject to bring light to area behind the subject. The fill light is positioned to the front left or right of the subject. Whichever is opposite to the key light. This light is typically a flood-light and provides a wide span of lighting that can diffuse the back light from giving the subject a haloing effect.
Cameo Lighting
This lighting technique is achieved by using all directional spotlights, which surround the subject from a number of angles. This technique is typically used in dramatic shows with studio sets where there is a dark backdrop that can absorb a great deal of the light. This is to draw attention to the subject or character.
This technique was developed during the time of black and white television, which often makes it a difficult technique to achieve for scenes being filmed outside of the studio.
Silhouette Lighting
In this situation the subject is lit with spotlights only from behind. This brings attention to the surroundings of the character, while keeping the character and area in front of them cloaked in shadows.
Gels and Colored Lighting
Certain scenes call for an abnormal or unnatural color light scheme. To achieve a certain color without having the natural circumstances, specially crafted gels can be attached over any of the lights with wooden clothespins. For instance, if a director is trying to achieve the look of a sunset, they would ideally use an orange or red gel.
Hard Light Vs. Soft Light
Hard lighting is achieved by distributing light to a subject from a source such as a focused spotlight in a studio or under a clear day sky for natural light. This allows the subject to be shown in great detail with very defined characteristics.
Soft lighting lighting used to distribute light evenly across an area or on a subject. Photographers often use this when working with models. This lighting is often achieved by using the reflected light from pointing a spot light at a reflective umbrella or smooth white surface.
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